在Django项目中实现实际发送邮件功能

# 邮件配置
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'  # 默认后端
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.example.com'  # 邮件服务器地址（如smtp.163.com、smtp.gmail.com）
EMAIL_PORT = 587  # 端口（通常587或465）
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True  # 启用TLS加密（587端口常用）
# EMAIL_USE_SSL = True  # 启用SSL加密（465端口常用，与TLS二选一）
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'your-email@example.com'  # 发送邮箱账号
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'your-password'  # 邮箱密码/授权码（非登录密码，需在邮箱设置中获取）
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER  # 默认发件人

python manage.py shell

from django.core.mail import send_mail
send_mail(
    '测试邮件',
    '这是一封测试邮件',
    'your-email@example.com',
    ['recipient@example.com'],  # 接收邮箱
    fail_silently=False,
)

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
from django.utils import timezone
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType  # 新增
from projects.models import Reminder, Milestone, Task


class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = '发送已排期的里程碑和任务提醒'

    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        now = timezone.now()
        # 查找当前时间前已排期且未发送的所有提醒
        reminders = Reminder.objects.filter(
            scheduled_date__lte=now,
            is_sent=False
        ).select_related('user')  # 优化查询

        sent_count = 0

        for reminder in reminders:
            try:
                # 获取关联对象信息
                content_type = reminder.content_type
                model_class = content_type.model_class()

                # 验证关联对象是否存在
                try:
                    related_obj = model_class.objects.get(id=reminder.object_id)
                except model_class.DoesNotExist:
                    self.stdout.write(self.style.WARNING(f"关联对象不存在，跳过提醒 ID: {reminder.id}"))
                    reminder.is_sent = True  # 标记为已发送避免重复处理
                    reminder.save()
                    continue

                # 获取对象名称和类型
                obj_name = related_obj.name if hasattr(related_obj, 'name') else related_obj.title
                obj_type = "里程碑" if model_class == Milestone else "任务"

                # 发送邮件提醒
                send_mail(
                    subject=f"【项目提醒】{obj_type}：{obj_name}",
                    message=reminder.message,
                    from_email=settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL,
                    recipient_list=[reminder.user.email],
                    fail_silently=False,
                )

                # 更新提醒状态
                reminder.is_sent = True
                reminder.sent_at = now
                reminder.save()

                sent_count += 1
                self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS(
                    f"已向 {reminder.user.email} 发送{obj_type}提醒：{obj_name}"
                ))
            except Exception as e:
                self.stdout.write(self.style.ERROR(
                    f"发送提醒失败（ID: {reminder.id}）：{str(e)}"
                ))

        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS(f"成功发送 {sent_count} 条提醒"))

pip install django-crontab

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...其他应用
    'django_crontab',
]

# 定时任务配置（每天早上9点执行）
CRONJOBS = [
    ('0 9 * * *', 'projects.management.commands.send_reminders.Command', '>> /var/log/django/reminders.log 2>&1'),
]

python manage.py crontab add  # 添加任务
python manage.py crontab show  # 查看任务
python manage.py crontab remove  # 移除任务